The Node Factor plugin enhances the Obsidian graph view by giving users greater control over how node sizes are determined. It allows customization of various factors that influence node prominence, such as the number of characters in a note, the count of incoming and outgoing links, and the depth of forward connections. By adjusting these weight multipliers and toggles, users can emphasize specific types of content or relationships in their graph, making complex knowledge maps more meaningful and easier to interpret.